Antimycobacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) Extracted by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Tuberculosis (TB) is a massive problem for public health and the leading cause of illness death worldwide. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) used traditionally to treat many diseases, such as infections lungs including pulmonary TB. R. officinalis was collected from Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq, extracted with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) different kinds conventional water solvent. The antimycobacterial activities extracts were tested against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis by agar disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. Then, time-kill assay cell membrane integrity analysis conducted investigate effects most active on growth. in vitro cytotoxicity evaluated Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts (REF) line MTT Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyze chemical components extracts. At 200 mg/mL concentration, significant inhibition activity seen DES2: Tailor (DIZ = 17.33 ± 1.15 mm), followed DES3: ChGl, DES1: LGH DES4: ChXl. best result Tailor, which had MIC 3.12 an MBC 12.5 mg/mL. DES2 extract exhibited high drop number colonies over time, killing more than 80 colonies. main phytochemical compounds camphene, camphenilol, α-pinene, limonene, apigenin, camphor, carnosol, linalool myrcene. obtained DESs have shown evident power treating tuberculosis, extraction DES greener procedure methods involving solvents. As result, additional research into application should be considered.